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References

References

1. Dewire DM, Thomas AJ Jr, Flak RM, et al. Clinical outcome and cost comparison of percutaneous embolization and surgical ligation of varicocele. J Androl 1994 15(suppl):38-42.
Abstract

2. Shlansky-Goldberg RD, VanArsdalen KN, Rutter, CM, Soulen MC, Haskal ZJ, Baum RA, Redd DC, Cope C, Pentecost MJ. Percutaneous varicocele embolization versus surgical ligation for the treatment of infertility: changes in seminal parameters and pregnancy outcomes. JVIR 1997;8:759-767.
Abstract

3. Feneley MR, Pal MK, Nockler IB, Hendry WF. Retrograde embolization and causes of failure in the primary treatment of varicocele. British Journal of Urology 1997;80:642-646.
Abstract

4. Nieschlag E, Behre M, Schlingheider A, Nashan D, Pohl J, Fischedick AR. Surgical ligation vs. angiographic embolization of the vena spermatica: a prospective randomized study for the treatment of varicocele-related infertility. Andrologia 1993;25:233-237.
Abstract

5. Lenk S, Fahlenkamp D, Gliech V, Lindeke A. Comparison of different methods of treating varicocele. J Androl 1994;15:34S-37S.
Abstract

6. Zuckerman AM, Mitchell SE, Venbrux AC, et al: Percutaneous varicocele occlusion: Long-term follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1994;5:315.
Abstract

7. Reyes BL, Trerotola SO, Venbrux AC, et al. Percutaneous embolotheraphy of adolescent varicocele: Results and long-term follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1994;5:131.
Abstract

8. Marsman JWP. Clinical versus subclinical varicocele: venographic findings and improvement of fertility after embolization. Radiology 1985;155:635-638.
Abstract

9. Marsman JWP, Schats R. The subclinical varicocele debate. Human Reproduction 1994;9:1-8.
Abstract

10. McClure RD, Khoo, D, Jarvi K, Hricak H. Subclinical varicocele: The effectiveness of varicocelectomy. Journal of Urology 1991;145:789-791.
Abstract

11. Hunter DW, King MJ, Aeppli DM, et al. Spermatic vein occlusion with hot contrast material: Angiographic results. J Vasc Interv Radiol 1991;2:507.
Abstract

12. Nagao RR, Plymate SR, Berger RE, Perin EB, Paulsen CA. Comparison of gonadal function between fertile and infertile men with varicoceles. Fertility and Sterility 1986;46:930-933.
Abstract

13. Pryor JL, Howards SS. Varicocele. Urol Clin North Am 19987;14:499-513.

14. White RI. Varicocele management by transcatheter embolotherapy. Chapter 128, Clinical Urography. Pollack and McClennan. WB Saunders 2000. Philadelphia, PA.

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